Malaysia’s political situation has been turbulent and uncertain since the 2018 general election, which resulted in the first-ever change of government in the country’s history. Since then, the country has witnessed three prime ministers, two hung parliaments, and several defections and realignments among the political parties.
The latest twist in the saga came on November 19, 2022, when Anwar Ibrahim, the leader of the opposition Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition, was sworn in as the ninth prime minister of Malaysia, after securing the support of a majority of the members of parliament (MPs). However, his appointment has been challenged by his predecessor, Muhyiddin Yassin, who claims that he still commands the confidence of the house. Amid this ongoing power struggle, Malaysia’s king, Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar, has expressed his concern and caution over the threat to the country’s stability and prosperity. Here is why the king is worried and what he has said and done.
The king, or Yang di-Pertuan Agong, is the constitutional monarch and the head of state of Malaysia. He is elected by and among the nine hereditary rulers of the Malay states, who take turns to serve a five-year term. The king’s role is largely ceremonial and symbolic, but he also has some discretionary powers, such as appointing the prime minister, dissolving the parliament, declaring a state of emergency, and granting pardons. The king is also the supreme commander of the armed forces and the head of Islam in the states where he is the ruler.
Anwar Ibrahim is a veteran politician and a former deputy prime minister who was sacked and jailed in 1998 on charges of corruption and sodomy, which he denied and claimed were politically motivated. He later became the leader of the PH coalition, which defeated the long-ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition in the 2018 general election. However, he did not become the prime minister, as he had agreed to let his former mentor and rival, Mahathir Mohamad, take the post first, with the promise of handing over power to him later. This plan was disrupted in February 2020, when Mahathir resigned amid a political crisis that saw several PH MPs defect to form a new coalition with BN and other parties, led by Muhyiddin Yassin, who was then appointed as the prime minister by the king.
Anwar Ibrahim did not give up his ambition to become the prime minister, and he repeatedly claimed that he had the support of a majority of the MPs to topple Muhyiddin’s government, which had a slim and fragile majority. He finally managed to prove his claim on November 19, 2022, when he submitted a list of 114 MPs who backed him to the king, who then verified and accepted it. The king then appointed Anwar as the prime minister, and swore him in at the palace. However, Muhyiddin Yassin refused to concede defeat, and insisted that he still had the support of 113 MPs, including some who had allegedly switched sides from Anwar. He also challenged Anwar to prove his majority in a vote of confidence in the parliament, which was scheduled to reconvene on December 6, 2022.
The king has been closely involved and influential in the resolution of the political impasse, as he has the constitutional authority to appoint the prime minister who has the confidence of the majority of the MPs. He has also been seen as a neutral and respected figure who can mediate and advise the political leaders and the public. The king has issued several statements and speeches on the matter, in which he has expressed his concern and caution over the threat to the country’s stability and prosperity. He has also urged the politicians to stop the infighting and focus on the people’s welfare and the nation’s recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic. Some of the key points of the king’s statements and speeches are:
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